The Forgotten Siege of Paris

 



The Siege of Paris is often associated with the infamous Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, but few remember that the French capital has faced multiple sieges throughout history. One of the lesser-known but significant sieges took place in 885–886, when Viking raiders laid siege to Paris in one of the most dramatic and prolonged assaults of the early medieval period.

The Viking Threat

By the late 9th century, Viking raids had become a major threat to the Carolingian Empire. These Scandinavian warriors had already plundered cities across Europe, and Paris, a wealthy and strategically vital city, was a prime target. In 885, a massive Viking force, reportedly numbering 30,000 men and 700 ships, sailed up the Seine River, demanding tribute from King Charles the Fat.

The Siege Begins

When the Frankish king refused to pay, the Vikings launched their assault. Paris was defended by Count Odo, the future King of West Francia, along with a small garrison. The city was well-fortified, with strong stone walls and two fortified bridges spanning the Seine, which blocked the Viking advance. The defenders fiercely repelled Viking attacks, using boiling oil, fire, and crossbows to hold their ground.

Despite repeated assaults, including attempts to burn the bridges and undermine the walls, the Vikings were unable to break through. The siege dragged on for over a year, with the Parisians enduring hunger and disease but refusing to surrender.

The Aftermath

In 886, King Charles the Fat finally acted—but instead of sending a relief army, he bribed the Vikings with a large sum of gold and silver to leave. The Parisians, especially Odo, were furious, but the deal ended the siege. Odo’s leadership during the siege later won him the French throne, replacing the ineffective Charles.

Though often overshadowed by later wars, the Siege of Paris (885–886) was a pivotal moment in European history, proving that even a mighty Viking army could be held at bay by determined defenders.

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